Respostas fisiológicas e produtividade de feijoeiro cultivado em sistema silviagrícola com diferentes manejos de adubação

Os sistemas silviagrícolas são modelos de produção integrada compostos por espécies agrícolas e florestais, tornando-se importante a seleção de espécies agrícolas adaptadas às condições de sombreamento. Assim, este estudo avaliou as respostas fisiológicas e os componentes de produtividade de feijoeiro das cultivares Pérola e Dama coinoculadas com Rhizobium tropici e Azospirillum brasilense e cultivadas em sistema silviagrícola com diferentes manejos de adubação (uréia, molibdato de sódio, P natural e NPK) no Norte de Minas Gerais. Avaliaram-se: taxa de assimilação de CO2, concentração interna de CO2, massa seca da parte aérea, número total de nódulos nas raízes, teor de nitrogênio foliar, número de vagens por planta, de grãos por vagem e por planta, massa de cem grãos e produtividade. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey (p < 0,05) com auxílio do software R. A coinoculação de feijoeiro com diferentes manejos de adubação não influencia a taxa de assimilação do CO2 das cultivares Pérola e Dama. A adubação de cobertura com molibdênio e nitrogênio não aumenta o número de nódulos nas raízes, porém potencializa a produtividade da cultura do feijoeiro no sistema integrado de produção. A cultivar Pérola apresenta maior produtividade em relação a cultivar Dama cultivada em sistema silviagrícola, sendo indicada para plantio em condições de sombreamento

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Urine qPCR diagnoses over the entire clinical-immunological spectrum of human Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infections in the Brazilian Amazon

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.The clinical-immunological spectrum of human Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi-infections in the Brazilian Amazon has been defined using DTH/IFAT-IgG immune assays and the clinical statuses of infected individuals, revealing five profiles: three asymptomatic [Asymptomatic Infection (AI), Subclinical Resistant Infection (SRI), and Indeterminate Initial Infection (III)], and two symptomatic profiles [Subclinical Oligosymptomatic Infection (SOI) and Symptomatic Infection (SI = American visceral leishmaniasis/AVL)]. We evaluated the diagnostic potential of urine qPCR over the entire spectrum of infection. Resine Instagene Matrix® was used for DNA extraction from urinary sediment, with amplification carried out using SYBR® Green Taq with the RV1 and RV2 primers. We examined urine samples from 151 individuals from an endemic area of AVL in Pará State in the Brazilian Amazon, including: 91 (60.3%) with diagnoses of previous infections [13 (14.3%) sharing the AI profile, 13 (14.3%) with the SRI profile, 43 (47.2%) with III, 12 (13.2%) with SI (treated AVL), and 10 (11%) with SI (untreated AVL)]; sixty (39.7%) were DTH(-)/IFAT-IgG(-) (the uninfected group). The urine qPCR was positive in 61.5% of both the AI and SRI profiles, 65% of the III profile, 50% of treated AVL, 100% of untreated AVL, and 6.7% of the uninfected group. Those results confirmed the urine qPCR diagnosis in 100% of untreated AVL cases as well as in more than 60% of the cases with asymptomatic AI, SRI, and III profiles - indicating it as a promising tool for monitoring the evolution of human L. (L.) infantum chagasi-infections in endemic areas

Non-Destructive Methods Used to Determine Forage Mass and Nutritional Condition in Tropical Pastures

The quantification of forage availability in tropical grasses is generally done in a destructive and time-consuming manner, involving cutting, weighing, and waiting for drying. To expedite this process, non-destructive methods can be used, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with high-definition cameras, mobile device images, and the use of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). However, these methods have been underutilized in tropical pastures. A literature review was conducted to present the current state of remote tools’ use in predicting forage availability and quality in tropical pastures. Few publications address the use of non-destructive methods to estimate forage availability in major tropical grasses (Megathyrsus maximus; Urochloa spp.). Additionally, these studies do not consider the fertility requirements of each cultivar and the effect of management on the phenotypic plasticity of tillers. To obtain accurate estimates of forage availability and properly manage pastures, it is necessary to integrate remote methods with in situ collection of soil parameters. This way, it will be possible to train machine learning models to obtain precise and reliable estimates of forage availability for domestic ruminant production

PERFIL DE PACIENTES EM USO DE TERAPIA DUPLA COM DOLUTEGRAVIR E LAMIVUDINA, COORTE RETROSPECTIVA DE VIDA REAL

Introdução: O uso a longo prazo dos antirretrovirais (ARVs) e suas toxicidades são um desafio no atual manejo de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids (PVHA). Com ARVs mais potentes e com maior barreira genética, a terapia dupla (TD) está atualmente recomendada em várias situações. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva realizada até agosto/2022 em PVHA atendidas no CRT DST/AIDS, São Paulo, utilizando TD baseada em Dolutegravir (DTG) 50 mg + Lamivudina (3TC) 300 mg ≥ 365 dias. Dados foram capturados dos prontuários e inseridos na plataforma REDCAP juntamente a verificação de dispensas de ARVs pelo Sistema de Controle Logístico de Medicamentos (SICLOM). Resultados: Em um total 8849 pacientes ativos na instituição, identificamos 383 elegíveis à inclusão e análise. Características da população: homem cisgênero 294 (76,1%), brancos 284 (74,1%), ensino superior completo 171 (44,6%), mediana de idade 56,9 anos, mediana de idade no diagnóstico 38 anos, tempo médio de infecção pelo HIV 16,9 anos, contagem linfócitos TCD4 >500 células 315 (82,2%). Identificamos 9 óbitos (2 doença cardiovascular, 2 COVID-19 e 5 sem dados), 371 vivos em seguimento e 3 sem dados. Em relação aos ARVs: tempo médio de exposição 13,5 anos, número médio de esquemas prévios 3,1 (1 naive, 249 um a três esquemas e 133 quatro ou mais), exposição prévia aos Inibidores de Integrase 218 (56,9%). Principais esquemas prévios a TD: Tenofovir (TDF) + 3TC + DTG 166 (43%), Abacavir (ABC) + 3TC + DTG 44 (11,4%), Zidovudina (AZT) + 3TC + DTG 32 (8,3%), TDF + 3TC + Efavirenz (EFZ) 30 (7,8%), ABC + 3TC + EFZ 29 (7,5%) e 82 outros esquemas. Principais razões para TD: comorbidade óssea 110, comorbidade renal 95, conveniência posológica 82, comorbidade cardiovascular 44, outros eventos adversos 40 (lipodistrofia, elevação de transaminases e dislipidemia) e 54 (14%) sem dados. Identificamos pacientes com mais de uma razão. Em relação a manutenção da TD: 371 (96,9%) mantiveram uso, 8 trocas de esquema (2 falhas virológicas, 1 otimização de TARV após blip sem confirmação de falha, 1 presença de M184V em genotipagem prévia e 4 motivos clínicos) e 4 sem dados. Tempo médio de uso de TD no momento da análise 2,4 anos. Não foi possível avaliar ausência de falha virológica prévia em toda população. Conclusão: Uso de TD com Dolutegravir e Lamivudina, pode ser uma opção segura em PVHA em supressão viral, em uso de terapia antirretroviral há vários anos, sem falha virológica prévia